Collect heat
Outside air warms refrigerant in a heat exchanger—even when the air feels cold.
HOW HEAT PUMPS WORK
A heat pump uses electricity to move heat from outdoors into your home. Think of a refrigerator’s cooling cycle working to warm your rooms instead.
Outside air warms refrigerant in a heat exchanger—even when the air feels cold.
An electric compressor raises the refrigerant’s pressure and temperature.
The hot refrigerant transfers energy into water or indoor air.
Pressure reduces through an expansion device, ready for the refrigerant to collect more heat.
Warm water circulates through radiators or underfloor heating. A suitable cylinder stores domestic hot water. The system must be designed for your home’s heat demand.
Indoor units distribute warm air. Reversible models can cool too. A separate hot-water solution is normally needed.
For illustration, a coefficient of performance (COP) of 3 means 1 kWh of electricity delivers 3 kWh of heat at those operating conditions. Performance varies with outdoor temperature, system design and settings; seasonal efficiency is more useful for annual running costs.
A room-by-room heat-loss calculation, suitable emitters and good controls help the system work effectively. Bill savings depend on the heating being replaced and energy tariffs.
Further reading: Energy Saving Trust — how heat pumps work. Product suitability requires a survey.